I found a connection between a quote from the PCSD book and a video on YouTube that may help with understanding certain things.
Here is the quote:
"A number of psychologists believe that if we learn from traumatic experiences that we are helpless, this perceived lack of control can lead to depression and other mental illnesses. Seligman and Maier performed an experiment where two groups of dogs were put in harnesses and subjected to electric shocks. Group One learned that they could end the shock by pressing a lever, while Group Two’s shocks ended in a random way that was out of their control. The dogs in Group Two—who felt helpless—exhibited symptoms similar to clinical depression. In a later experiment, both groups were shocked again, and to escape the shocks they only had to jump over a low partition. While Group One quickly jumped out of harm’s way, most of the dogs in Group Two—the ones trained to feel helpless—simply lay down passively and whined. PTSD patients often behave as the dogs in Group Two. They feel so helpless as a result of their trauma that they no longer even try to improve their condition. They just continue to experience their pain—and react badly to it, over and over—instead of jumping out of the way and moving on."
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